- Baterei Lithium 12v
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Paket baterei khusus
- Baterei Lithium Polymer mlengkung
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By hoppt
"Mobil kasebut diciptakake ing Eropa, lan aku yakin kudu diowahi ing kene." - Tembung iki saka Maroš Šefčovič, politisi Slovak lan Wakil Presiden Komisi Eropa sing tanggung jawab kanggo Uni Energi, nggambarake sentimen sing signifikan ing lanskap industri Eropa.
Yen baterei Eropa wis entuk kepemimpinan global, jeneng Šefčovič mesthi bakal diukir ing sejarah. Dheweke mimpin pambentukan European Battery Alliance (EBA), miwiti rejuvenasi sektor baterei daya Eropa.
Ing 2017, ing puncak ing Brussels babagan pangembangan industri baterei, Šefčovič ngusulake pambentukan EBA, langkah sing nglumpukake kekuatan lan tekad kolektif Uni Eropa.
"Napa 2017 penting? Napa nggawe EBA dadi penting kanggo EU?" Jawaban kasebut ana ing ukara pambuka artikel iki: Eropa ora pengin kelangan pasar kendaraan energi anyar sing "nguntungake".
Ing 2017, telung pemasok baterei paling gedhe ing donya yaiku BYD, Panasonic saka Jepang, lan CATL saka China - kabeh perusahaan Asia. Tekanan gedhe saka pabrikan Asia ninggalake Eropa ngadhepi kahanan sing angel ing industri baterei, lan meh ora bisa ditampilake.
Industri otomotif, lair ing Eropa, ana ing titik nalika ora ana tumindak tegese ngidini dalan-dalan global didominasi kendaraan sing ora ana hubungane karo Eropa.
Krisis kasebut utamane banget nalika nimbang peran perintis Eropa ing industri otomotif. Nanging, wilayah kasebut pancen ketinggalan ing pangembangan lan produksi baterei listrik.
Severity saka Predicament
Ing taun 2008, nalika konsep energi anyar wiwit muncul, lan watara 2014, nalika kendaraan energi anyar miwiti "bledosan" awal, Eropa meh ora ana ing adegan kasebut.
Ing taun 2015, dominasi perusahaan Cina, Jepang, lan Korea ing pasar baterei daya global katon. Ing taun 2016, perusahaan-perusahaan Asia iki ngenggoni sepuluh papan paling dhuwur ing peringkat perusahaan baterei daya global.
Ing taun 2022, miturut firma riset pasar Korea Selatan SNE Research, enem saka sepuluh perusahaan baterei tenaga global paling dhuwur yaiku saka China, sing nyekel 60.4% pangsa pasar global. Perusahaan baterei listrik Korea Selatan LG New Energy, SK On, lan Samsung SDI nyumbang 23.7%, kanthi peringkat Panasonic Jepang kaping papat kanthi 7.3%.
Ing sangang sasi kapisan taun 2023, sepuluh perusahaan panginstalan baterei daya global paling dhuwur didominasi dening China, Jepang, lan Korea, tanpa perusahaan Eropa sing katon. Iki tegese luwih saka 90% pasar baterei tenaga global dibagi ing antarane telung negara Asia kasebut.
Eropa kudu ngakoni ketinggalan ing riset lan produksi baterei daya, wilayah sing biyen dipimpin.
Mundur alon-alon
Inovasi lan terobosan ing teknologi baterei lithium asring asale saka universitas lan lembaga riset Barat. Ing pungkasan abad kaping 20, negara-negara Kulon mimpin gelombang pisanan riset lan industrialisasi kendaraan energi anyar.
Eropa minangka salah sawijining sing pertama njelajah kabijakan kanggo kendaraan hemat energi lan kurang emisi, ngenalake standar emisi karbon otomotif wiwit taun 1998.
Senadyan ana ing ngarep konsep energi anyar, Eropah ketinggalan ing industrialisasi baterei daya, saiki didominasi dening China, Jepang, lan Korea. Pitakonan muncul: kenapa Eropa ketinggalan ing industri baterei lithium, sanajan kaluwihan teknologi lan modal?
Ilang Kesempatan
Sadurunge 2007, pabrikan mobil mainstream Western ora ngakoni kelayakan teknis lan komersial kendaraan listrik lithium-ion. Produsen Eropa, dipimpin Jerman, fokus kanggo ngoptimalake mesin pembakaran internal tradisional, kayata mesin diesel sing efisien lan teknologi turbocharging.
Ketergantungan sing berlebihan ing jalur kendharaan bahan bakar iki nyebabake Eropa mudhun ing rute teknis sing salah, nyebabake ora ana ing lapangan baterei daya.
Dinamika Pasar lan Inovasi
Ing taun 2008, nalika pamaréntah AS mindhah strategi kendaraan listrik energi anyar saka hidrogen lan sel bahan bakar menyang baterei lithium-ion, Uni Eropa, sing dipengaruhi dening pamindhahan iki, uga nyekseni mundhake investasi ing produksi bahan baterei lithium lan manufaktur sel. Nanging, akeh perusahaan kasebut, kalebu usaha patungan antarane Bosch Jerman lan Samsung SDI Korea Selatan, pungkasane gagal.
Ing kontras, negara-negara Asia Timur kaya China, Jepang, lan Korea kanthi cepet ngembangake industri baterei daya. Panasonic, umpamane, wis fokus ing baterei lithium-ion kanggo kendaraan listrik wiwit taun 1990-an, kolaborasi karo Tesla lan dadi pemain utama ing pasar.
Tantangan Eropa Saiki
Saiki, industri baterei daya Eropa ngadhepi sawetara kekurangan, kalebu kekurangan pasokan bahan mentah. Hukum lingkungan sing ketat ing bawana nglarang pertambangan lithium, lan sumber daya lithium langka. Akibate, Eropah lags ngamanake hak pertambangan jaban rangkah dibandhingake mitra Asia.
Lomba Nyekel
Sanajan dominasi perusahaan Asia ing pasar baterei global, Eropa ngupayakake upaya kanggo nyegerake maneh industri baterei. European Battery Alliance (EBA) diadegake kanggo ngedongkrak produksi lokal, lan EU wis ngetrapake peraturan anyar kanggo ndhukung produsen baterei domestik.
Automakers Traditional ing Fray
Raksasa mobil Eropa kaya Volkswagen, BMW, lan Mercedes-Benz akeh nandur modal ing riset lan produksi baterei, nggawe pabrik sel lan strategi baterei dhewe.
Dalan Panjang ing ngarep
Senadyan kemajuan, sektor baterei daya ing Eropah isih adoh. Industri kasebut intensif tenaga kerja lan mbutuhake modal lan investasi teknologi sing signifikan. Biaya tenaga kerja sing dhuwur ing Eropa lan kekurangan rantai pasokan sing lengkap nyebabake tantangan gedhe.
Ing kontras, negara-negara Asia wis nggawe keunggulan kompetitif ing produksi baterei daya, entuk manfaat saka investasi awal ing teknologi lithium-ion lan biaya tenaga kerja sing murah.
kesimpulan
Ambisi Eropa kanggo nyegerake maneh industri baterei daya ngadhepi alangan sing signifikan. Nalika ana inisiatif lan investasi, ngrusak dominasi "telu gedhe" - China, Jepang, lan Korea - ing pasar global tetep dadi tantangan sing nggegirisi.
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